Liquid-fuel-burning heater



Nov. 23 1926.

G. K. CULP, JR

LIQUID FUEL BURNING HEATER Filed Jan. 16 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 zm e if. a d

Nov. 23 1926,

G. K. CULP, JR

LIQUID 'FUEL BURNING HEATER Filed Jan. 6 1925 67M! VVT 4 Sheets-Shem 2 Qwwmtov I Gearye 1i. caJjybr Nov. 23 1926. 1,608,304

' v G. K. CULP, JR'

LIQUID FUEL BURNING HEATER Filed J 16 5 (L 2 :1 c1: 01% M @M Nov. 23 1926. 08304 G. K. CULP, JR

LIQUID FUEL BURNING HEATER Filed Jan. 16, 1925 4 sheets-sheet 4 G2 ol e J1. CuZ [1,, J12 7%; W fizz SW01 wag Patented Nov. 23, 1926.

UNITED STATES GEORGE K. CULP, JR., OF DOWAd-IAC, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTROMATIC APPLIANCE CORR, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

LTQUID-EUEL-BITRNING HEATER.

Application filed January The present invention relates to: liquid fuel-burning heaters; and its ob ect 1s, gen- I erally, to provide heating apparatus of that character improved in various respects hereinafter appearing; and, more particularly, to provide improved operating and controlling means for such apparatus; and further, to provide improved electrical devices and connections for operating, and controlling 10 the operation of, said means; and further, to provide improved means for insuring the safe operation and control of such apparatus.

These and any other objects hereinafter l6 appearing are attained by, and the invention finds preferable embodiment in, the apparatus and devices, mechanical and electric, hereinafter particularly described in the body of this specification and illustrated '20 by the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view in perspective of 011- burning heating apparatus;

' Figure 2 is a view in perspective of a fuelcontaining tank, its walls being partially broken away to exhibit the interior; and of certain operative parts of the apparatus;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 33 of Figures 1, 2 and 4;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 4--4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a view in perspective of certain electric parts of the apparatus, and of an air conduit whose wall is partially broken away;

Figure 6 is a view in perspective of a thermostat and electric switches;

Figure 7 is a side view of an electric switch;

Figure 8 is an outer end view of the nozzle of the apparatus; 4

Figure 9 is a view in perspective of a valve;

Figure 10 is a view in perspective of a modified construction thereof; and

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic representation of electric connections and devices therein for operating and controlling the apparatus. v

The present invention involves apparatus of the same general character as that which "forms the subject matter of application Serial Number'752429, filed in the Patent ()fiice on November 26, 1924, by myself, Galen D. Barker and William J. Sturgis,

16, 1925. Serial No. 2,952.

and is an improvement, in various respects, thereon.

Throughout this specification the structural and mechanical parts are, as a rule, identified by numerals, and the electric connections and instruments therein by letters. In the embodiment of the invention chosen for illustration by the accompanying drawings and for detailed description in the body of this specification, the apparatus may, if desired and as indicated in Figure 1, be mounted on the outside of theswingin'g door 1 of a furnace 2 which may be of the solidfuel-burning type, the nozzle 3 of the apparatus extending through said door and into the combustion chamber of the furnace. In the illustrated apparatus a casing 110, having a door 111, contains a"portion of the apparatus including a tank 4 (not vented to the atmosphere) containing the fuel oil which is introduced thereinto in any suitable manner as through the pipe 5 leading from a source of supply, not shown. The oil is slowly driven from this tank through a conduit 6, having an intake 112 and a discharge vent 7, by pressure exerted within the tank. The oil stream thus discharged from the conduits vent 7 is minutely divided by, and

' intimately commingled with, an air stream rapidly discharged. through an outwardlytapering vent 8 surrounding the oil conduit 6 adjacent its vent 7 and the air and oil in such intimately commingled condition are driven through the nozzle 3 of the apparatus. This nozzle 3 first contracts gradually beyond the vents 7 and 8, as shown at 10, such shaping of'this portion of the nozzle serving to more intimately commingle the oil and air. The stream. of oil and air, thus properly conditioned, now passes through the expanded outer portion 11 of the nozzle and 1S deflected by a ballle 12 located cen trally of said expanded portion, the velocity of thestream being thus lessened to a degree wherein it is readily ignited by the incandescent igniting element, the electric coil Be, located adjacent the mouth of the nozzle 3, said coilbecoming incandescent when electrically energized to fire the .stream as it issues from the mouth 14 of the nozzle and is projected into the furnaces interior.

It will be seen that the oil alone and before becoming finely divided and thoroughly commingled in proper proportions with the air stream is not ignited; but that the stream of' oil and air thus properly conditioned is ignited by the coil Be as it issues from the mouth of the nozzle 3. Both the oil and the air are forced through the vents 7 and 8 respectively and are commingled as aforesaid by means of a rotary air pump or fan indicated at 15 carried by the shaft 16 of an electric motor indicated at Cf. This fan draws air through a pipe 18, having its inlet 19 from the outside atmosphere, and an outlet pipe 17 communicating with the air passage 114 having the vent 8. This pipe 17 has an opening 115 through its side which is preferably screened as shown to exclude dust. It will be seen that the fan drives the air through the pipe 17; and, pressing on the surface of the oil in the tank 4 drives it through the intake 112 into the conduit 6 and out -through the conduits vent 7. The air pressure created by-operating this fan thus not only drives the air rapidly through said vent 8, but also drives the oil slowly through theconduit 6, leading from near the bottom of the tank, and through said conduits vent 7.

. The volume of oil passing through the apparatus and the velocity thereof may be controlled by the adjustable valve indicated at 22 in the oil conduit 6; and the volume of air passing through the apparatus and the velocity thereof may be controlled by the conical valve 23 surrounding and slidably 'movable along the conduit 6 and thus adjustable relatively to the inner surface of the tapering vent 8, by turning the shaft 24 carrying a small gear 25 meshing with arack 26 on the stem 27 of said valve.

A circuitous movement of gases heated by the burning stream issuing from the nozale 3 is provided (as and for the purpose hereinafter explained) through the following continuous passages: A pipe 30 closely adjacent the mouth 14 of the nozzle 3 and having an intake port 31; a chamber 32 receiving the heated gases from pipe 30; a conduit 34 receiving the gases at its 1ntake 35 from said chamber; and the main air' pipe 18 receiving the gases from said conduit-and returning them, now more or less cooled, to the fan, which forces such gases with air from the outside atmosphere through the vent 8.

The illustrated apparatus is operated, and various hereinafter explained controlling devices thereof function, by the following means and in the following manner and sequence, reference being had to the views showing structural and mechanical parts, and particularly to Figure 11 showing diagrammatically the operating electric circuits an d electrically energized instruments therein: The main electric line A containing a suitable source of electric energy .Ai branches at a: and y, and may be closed and opened by a switch Aaeither manually or thermically operated. When this line A is closed, its branch or extension circuit B conducts the electric currentthrough the closed mercury switch Ba to and through the heating element, the resistance filament Bel, and the igniting element, thecoil Be. The element Bd thus heated now flexes the thermostat Bgupwardly and thus closes the open switch Ca and the circuit C (the mercury switches Ca and Ca in said circuit being now and normally closed) and thus energizes the fan-operating electric motor Cf in said circuit in its primary operation. This motor being now energized, the oil and air stream is forced by the motor past the igniting coil Be (by this time heated to incandescence) and isvthereby ignited; and the flaming stream issuing from the mouth of the nozzle 3 begins to heat the gases adjacent the mouth 14 of said nozzle and the intake port 31 of the pipe 30, so that when such gases heated to a suflicient degree are drawn by the fan circuitously through the pipe 30 and chamber 32, the thermostat 42 in said chamber will be thereby flexed downwardly thus closing the switch Da in circuit D (which branches from a circuit D at 'v and to) this circuit D also containing the motor Cf.. v

\Vhile this thermostat 42 is being thus flexed to a position in which it will close the switch Da, the motor pressing air on the surface of the oil in the auxiliary tank 116 in the closed main tank 4, forces the oil into the vessel 117 in said auxiliary tank through the intake port 118, said vessel being open to the atmosphere at 119. The oil rising in this vessel lifts its float 120 whose stem 121, connected to the lever arm 122 of a double mercury switch, throws the same from its-initial position shown in the drawings to its opposite position, whereby the circuit B is opened by thus opening its switch Ba, so that the heating element Ed and the igniting element Be (having now performed their functions) may be deenergizedand become cool. The same rising movement of the float 120 closes the mercury switch Da in circuit D, thus closing said circuit (inasmuch as the thermostat 42 has now had time to flex sufiiciently to have closed the switch Da), so that the motor continues energized for its secondary opera tion to force the flaming oil and air stream into the furnace and to maintain the float in the raised position in which this switch Da is held closedi While the motor is thus raising the oil in the vessel 117, it is also pressing air on the surface of the oil to force the oil into a sec- ,the auxiliary tank 134. The oil rising in (this second vessel lifts its float 127 whose lugs to its opposite position, whereby cuit D is opened at its switch Ca This action does not take place until after switch .closes the mercury switch Be in line B is opened and switch Da in line D is closed by the rising of float 120, because the intake port 118 of vessel 117 is larger than the intake port 125 in vessel 124. The same rising movement of the float 127 Ea in circuit E containing a suitable alarm device, as the electric bell indicated at E70; but inasmuch as the switch Ea in this circuit E has been opened by that flexin movement of the thermostat 42 which ,0 oses the switch Da, the alarm device is not energized by the closing of the switch Ea.

When the switch Ca is opened, that portion of circuit D which is on the other side of the points a and w from the motor is cut out and the remainder of the circuit D together with its branch D now energizes the motor in .the regular operation of the apparatus. Theopening of the switch Ca is delayed until after the switch IDa is closed in order that the thermostat 42 may have had time to heat sufliciently to certainly maintain switch Da in its closed position thus to insure the regular operation of the motor through branch circuit motor ceases to op- If for any reason the er-ate, the air pressure on the oil in the tank 4 and in the-auxiliary tank 116 necessarily ceases; and thereupon the outwardly-swinging valve 130 near the bottom of the first vessel 117 (which valve had been pressed shut by the air-pressed oil when the motor was running) swings outwardly intoopen position, allowing the oil in said vessel to run out and seek the level of oil in the surrounding auxiliary tank; and the oil in the second vessel 124 also runs out through its port 125 to seek the level'of the oil in the auxiliary tank v134. But, inasmuch as the opening in the first vessel closed by said valve 130 is larger than the port 125 of the second vessel, the oil in the'firut vessel'117 will run out sooner than that in the second vessel 124, so that the float 120 in the first vessel will, by its downward movement, close the switch Ba in circuit B before the float 127 in the second vessel by its downward movement closes the switch .Ca in circuits C and D. This provision is made in order to restore the parts to initial position after an interruption orcessation of-the apparatus operation; i. e., so that the ignition clement Be may be energized by closing the circuit B at switch Ba before circuit C is closed by closing switch Ca to operate the motor.

It will thus be seen that the float 120 of the first vessel 117 operates the switches Ba,

Ba either way sooner than the float 127 of the second vessel 124 operates the switches Ca Ea.

When the apparatus is operating nor-- mally the air pressure exerted by the fan to raise the oil'in the first and second vessels maintains the switches Da and Ea in closed. position; the circuit E however is open at the switch Ea. But if the fuel projected from the nozzle 3 ceases to flame and the gases drawn through the chamber 32 therefore ceases to be hot enou 'h to maintain the thermostat 42 in the flexed position in which it closes switch Da so that said thermostat reflexes to close switch Ea thus closing circease to run, and the and will continue to operate until the oil runs out of the second vessel 124 permitting its float .127 to fall sufliciently to open switch Ea.

A third vessel 135 in the tank 4 has a float 136 whose stem 137 is connected to the lever arm 138 of a third mercury switch. When the oil in tank 4 reaches the level of the port 139 in this vessel and flows there.- into the float rises and opens the normally closed mercury switch Ca in circuits C and D and closes the normally open switch Ea in circuit E branching from circuit E at r and It, thus deenergizing the motor and energizing the alarm device.

The auxiliary tanks 116 and 134 are pro-' vided to retain the oil therein at a proper level for operating the floats 120 and 127 and independently of the level of the oil in the tank 4 outside these auxiliary tanks.

If for any reason the switch Da has not been closed by thermostat 42 by the time switch Ca opens, the motor will stop as soon as it forces enough oil into vessel 124 to lift its float 127 and thus open said switch Ca The parts of the apparatus now return to their initial positions. the switch Ba having closed before switch Ca closes, thus providing a longer closing of circuit 13 than the initial closing thereof and therefore a longer heating period of the element Be.

cuit E, the motor will alarm Ek will operate The operation of thea iparatus 1S'11OW receeding heating of the element Ed the thermostat Bgis flexed farther and farther (not having had time between such successive heatings of said element to cool sufliciently to reflex to its initial position) and finally Ca)- and stop the motor, closesswitch Ea an operates the alarm device.

The upper contact pointof switch Da is carried by a lever arm 67 pivotally mounted at 68 and connected with the thermostat 42 by a link 69. The lower contact point of said switch is carried by a lever arm 71 pivotally mounted concentrically with arm 67, these arms having a slight 'interrelative swinging movement limited by the parts 7 0 and (2 carried by arm 71. The swinging movement of these arms is braked or frictionally resisted b a spring 76 whose tension is adjustable fiy the nut 77. It will be seen that as the arm 67 swings downwardly to close switch Da and open switch Ea or oppositely, the part 7 O or 72 will engage the arm 71 and swing it, so that these switches are quickly operated in whatever swung positions these lever arms may be at the time the movement of arm 67 begins; The arm 71 may be counterbalanced at 79.

In order to prevent slight variations of the temperature of the gases circulating through chamber 32 from flexing the thermostat 42 sufliciently to open either of these closed switches, the parts .and 72 each carrying one contact point of the switches Ea and Da respectively are spring connected at 73 and 74 respectively with, and are electrically-insulated from, lever arm 71.

Although the intake 31 of the pipe 30 is desirably closely adjacent the mouth 14 of the nozzle 3 (as shown by the drawings) to thus more certainly insure the heating of the gases suflicientlv to flex the thermostat 42 to close the switch Da, it will be understood that it is only necessary to heat the circulating gases in some manner by the burning fuel to a sufficient degree to thus flex said thermostat. When the motor has been deenergized, the draft through the furance and up its chimney flue or other hot air vent will draw cool air into the intake port 19 from the outside atmosphere, through the chamber 32 and into the furnace, thus hastening the cooling and upward flexing of the thermostat 42 to its initial position preparatory to the next initiating of the apparatus operation. It will be understood that the gases adjacent the mouth of the nozzle 3 and the pipe 30 are never hot enough to flex this thermostat 42 sufficiently to close the switch Da and maintain it closed, unless the fuel issuing from said nozzle is actually aflame;

for the heated condition of the furnace gen-- erally, or of any other parts of the structure, is never great enough to thus operate said thermostat in the absence of the flaming condition of the fuel stream.

It will be seen that this thermostat is .not positioned within the furnace or its chimney flue or other hot air vent, and therefore is not operatively subject to the caloric conditions prevailing generally therein; but said thermostat is remote from the furnace and its chimney fine or lrot air vent, being located in a channel through which the heated gases pass immediately from such near proximity to the flaming fuel as to be heated to thermostat-operating degree only by the actual burning of the fuel; the thermostats action being so completely independent of caloric conditions prevailing in the furnace that it will operate to govern the switch Da even though the nozzle 3 opens into the outside atmosphere. no furnace being included in the installation.

It will be seen that, the interrelative proportions of oil and air being adjusted properly by the valves 22 and 23 respectively, the same may be driven in like proportions through the nozzle 3 in desired volume and with desired rapidity by adjusting the rheostat Cc in circuits C and D.

Each of the mercury switches may be made to operate quickly by mounting the same in the manner the first mercury switch is mounted as shown in Figure 7; i. e., this switch is carried on a lever arm 150 pivoted concentrically with the lever arm 122, said arms being connected by a spring 151.

In the modified construction seen in Figure 10, the valve 23 is turned as a nut on the threaded portion 152 of the conduit 6, as by a tool thrust into an opening 153 in the walls of the air conduit 114 and engaging the teeth 154.

The tank 4 is provided with a float 90 for opening and closing in the usual manner a valve indicated at 92 in the oil-supplying line 5; and a valve indicated at 91 in said line is opened by energizing a solenoid indicated at C?) in circuits C, D and is closed by deenergizing this solenoid. A thermically-operated switch in circuits B, C and D is indicated at (la and suitable means for reducing the voltage is indicated at B in circuits B and E.

As indicated in Figure 1. the body of the apparatus may be spaced outwardly from the furnace, to provide a considerable air space therebetwecn to keep the apparatus and the oil therein cool.

It will be seen that the discharge vent 7 of the oil conduit extends outwardly beyond the discharge vent 8 of the air conduit, so that the flow of air through the air conduits said vent will not create back pressure on the oil issuing from the oil conduit.

ling the fuel through The baffle 12 creates an eddying of the stream passing thereby and adjacent the igniting element, so that the stream at such eddying and adjacent the base of the baflle at its outer side is readily kindled.

A valve indicated at 160 for controlling the oil flow into the intake 118 of vessel 117 is operated by turning the handle 161; and a valve indicated oil flow into intake 125 of vessel 124 is operated by the handle 163. Suitable drain cocks are shown at 164 and 165.

The mercury switches shown are employed because of their positive operation, although other forms of electric switches maybe used in place thereof.

The switch Aa being a hand-operated master switch in the main line A and the switch Ca being thermically operated, it will be seen that although the switch Aa be closed the ignition element 'Be and heatingelement 13d cannot be energized until the switch C11 is closed by the temperature in the room in which it is located; also that in case the oil rises in the third vessel 135 sufliciently to close switch Ea the alarm device Ek will operate, whether the thermically operated switch Ca is closed or not.

It will be seen that my apparatus contains devices whereby accidental misoperations of the apparatus are prevented from causing injurious effects.

The invention being intended to be point-- ed out in the claims, is not to be limited to or by details of construction of the particular embodiment thereof illustrated by the drawings or hereinbefore described.

I claim:

1. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the' fuel-propelling means. and having a second switch; a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the second switch; a third electric circuit having a third switch and a fourth switch and containing the fuel-propelling means; a second thermostat; a conduit'conveying' to the second thermostat gases heated by theflaming fuel sufliciently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch; means operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel for opening the first switch and closing the third switch.

2. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; .a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for propelthe conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containmeans and having a at 162 for controlling the ond switch; 'athird switch and a fourth switch and contio-ns operated b ing the igniting means and electric heating switch; a second electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a second switch; a there most-at operated by the heating means to .close the second switch; a third electr c circuit having a third switch and a fourth switch and containing the fuel-prop lling means; a second thermostat;a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel sufliciently to o erate the second thermostat to close the fburth switch; a, vessel having a float; means, operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for forcing liquid into the vessel to raise the float; connections operated by the raising of the float switch and closing the third switch.

3. In a burner of the'character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a fuel tank having a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for exerting pressure in the tank to propel the fuel through the conduit; anelectric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit confor opening the first taining the pressure-exerting means and having a second switch; a thermostat oping from the tank; connections operated by the raising of the float for opening the first switch and closing the third switch. 4. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a closed fuel tank having a liquid-fuel conduit leading to' a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for exerting pressure in the tank to propel the fuel through the conduit; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the pressure-exerting means and having a second switch; a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the sec a third electric, circuit having taining the pressure-exerting means; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flam-v ing fuel sufliciently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch; a vessel air-vented. and having a float and a fuel port leadingfrom the tank; connecthe raising of the float for opening the rst switch and closing the. H

third switch.

5. In a liquid-fuel burner: electric fueligniting means; a fuel tank having a fuel.

- air conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for exert ing pressure in the tank to propel the fuel and air through their conduits respectivelyan electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the pressure-exerting means and having a second switch; a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the second switch; a third electric circuit having a third switch and a fourth switch and containing the pressure-exerting means; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel sufficiently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch; a vessel having a float and a fuel port leading from the tank; connections operated by the raising of the float for opening the first switch and closing the third switch.

6. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containing the ig- I ated by the heatin niting\means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a second switch; a thermostat opermeans to close the second switch; a thir electric circuithaving a third switch, a fourth switch and a fifth switch and containing the fuel-propelling means; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel suificiently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch; means, operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for operating the first and third switches and the fifth switch thereafter.

7. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a second switch a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the second switch; a third electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a third switch, a fourth switch and a fifth switch; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel sufliciently to o erate the second thermostat to close t e fourth switch; a fourth electric circuit containing an electric alarm device and having a sixth switch; means operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for o crating the first and third switches and the fifth and sixth switches thereafter.

8. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a fuel tank having a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for exerting pressure in the tank to propel the fuel through the conduit; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the pressure-exerting means and having a second. switch; a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the second switch; a third electric circuit having a third switch,'a fourth switch and a fifth switch and containing the pressure-exerting means; a second thermostat; a conduit conveyingto the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel sufficiently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch; a fourth electric circuit containing an electric alarm device and having a sixth switch; vessels having floats; means, oper ated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for forcing liquid into the Vessels to raise their floats respectively; connections operated by the raising of the floats for operating the first and third switches by one float and thereafter the fifth and sixth switches by the other float.

9. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; a liquid-fuel conduit leading to a discharge vent adjacent said means; electric means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a second switch; a thermostat operated by the heating means to close the secondswitch; a third electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a third switch, fourth switch, and a fifth switch; a second thermostat; aconduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming fuel sufficiently to operate the second thermostatto close the fourth switch and open the hereinafter-mentioned seventh switch; a fourth electric circuit containing an electric alarm device and having a sixth switch and aseventh switch; means, operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for operating the first and third switches and the fifth and sixth switches thereafter.-

10. In a burner of the character described: electric fueligniting means; a liquid-fuel conduit leadlngto a discharge vent adjacent 'said means; electric means for scribed propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a sec ond electric circuit containing the fuel-proseventh switch; means; operated in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for operating the first and third switches and the fifth and sixth switches thereafter.

11. In burner of the character deelectric fuel-igniting -means; a liquid-fuel tank having a fuel-conduit leading to a discharge'vent adjacent said means;

electric means for propelling the fuel a through the conduit to the igniting means;

"1 a vessel having a float and an intake for overflow fuel from the tank; an electric circuit containing the igniting means and electric heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit containing the fuelpropelling means and having a second switch; a thermostat operated by the heatin means to close the second switch; a thir electric circuit containing the 'fuelpropelling means and having a third switch, the hereinafter-mentioned fifth switch and the hereinafter-mentioned eighth switch, said third circuit having a branch circuit having a fourth switch; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying to the second thermostat gases heated by the flaming'fuel sufficiently to operate the second thermostat to close the fourth switch and open the hereinafter-mentioned seventh switch; a fourth electric circuit containing an electric alarm device an having a sixth switch and a seventh switch, said fourth circuit having a branch circuit having a ninth switch; means, operating in connection with the propelling of the fuel, for operating the first and third switches andithe fifth and sixth switches thereafter;

connections operated by the raising of the float for opening the eighth switch and-closing the ninth switch. I j J 12. In a burner of the character described:

a liquid-fueltank having a fuel'conduit, in

combination with an electric-circuit system containing the folowing electric devices-i heating means; means" fuel-ignitlng means; for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; a thermostat; a switch in its pelling means for v second a controlled thereby for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means; a switch controlled by the. operation of the fuel-pro: pelling means for opening the circuit to deenergize' the fuel-igniting means and the heating means; a switch controlled by the operation of the fuel-propelling means for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means in its secondary operation; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying thereto gases heated by the flaming fuel sufficiently to operate the same; a switch controlled by the, second thermostat for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means in its regular or tertiary operation. 1

13. In a burner of the character described: a liquid-fuel tank having a fuel-conduit, a vessel supplied with liquid by the operation of the hereinafter-mentioned propelling means and having a float, in combination with an electric-circuit system containing the following electric devices: fuel-igniting means; heating-means; means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting v ing fuel sufliciently to operate the same; a 'switch controlled bythe second thermostat for closing the circuit to energize the fuelpropelling means in its regular or tertiary operation; and connections between the float and the second and third mentioned switches for controlling the same.

14. In a burner of the character described; a liquid-fuel'tank having a fuel-conduit, in combination with an electric-circuit system containing the following electric devices: fuel-igniting means; heating means; means 1 for propelling the fuel through the-conduit to the igniting means; a thermostat; a

(1 switch controlled thereby for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means rimary operation; a switch con-' trolled y the operation of the fuel-proopening the circuit to deener 'ze the fuel-igniting means and the heating means; a switch controlled by the operation of the fuel-propelling means for osing the circuit to energize the fuel-pro-, pelling means inits secondary operation; a

I thermostat; thereto gases heated by the flaming fuel sufficiently to operate vthe same; a switch controlled by the second thermostat for closing the circuit to'energize the fuel-propelling means in its regular or tertiary operation;

an alarm device; a switch controlled by the.

a conduit conveying Ion operation of the fuel-propelling means for closing the circuit to energize the alarm device.

15. In a burner of the character described; a liquid-fuel, tank having a fuel-conduit, a vessel supplied with liquid by the operation of the hereinafter-mentioned propelling means and having a float, in combination with an electric-circuit system containing the following electric devices: fueligniting means; heating means; means for propelling the fuel through the conduit to the igniting means; a thermostat; a switch controlled thereby for closing the circuitto energize the fuel-propelling means; a switch for deenergizing the fuel-igniting means and the heating means; a switch for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means in its secondary operation; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying thereto gases heated by the flaming fuel suflicient-ly to operate the same; a switch controlled by the second thermostat for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means in its regular or tertiary operation; connections between the float and the second and third mentioned switches for controlling the same; a switch for deenergizing the fuel-propelling means; a second vessel supplied with uel-propelby the operation of the fuel-propelling.

means for opening the circuit to deenergize the fuel-igniting means and the heating meansga switch controlled by the operation of the fuel-propelling means for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means. in its secondary operation; a second thermostat; a conduit conveying thereto gases heated by the flaming fuel sufliciently tooperate the same; a switch controlled by the second thermostat for closing the circuit to energize the fuel-propelling means in its regular or tertiar operation; an alarm device; a switch contro led by the operation of the fuel-propelling means for closing the circuit to energize said device; a switch controlled by the second thermostat for opening the circuit to energize said device.

17. In a burner of the character described: electric fueLigniting means; electric means for propelling fuel thereto; electric heating means; an electric circuit containing the heating means and a circuit breaker, said circuit having a branch cutting out the heating means and having a switch; an electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a switch; a thermostat movable by the heating means to a position closing the second-mentioned switch and to a further position closing the firstmentioned switch to operate the circuit breaker.

18. In a burner of the character described: electric fuel-igniting means; electric means for propelling fuel thereto; electric heating means; an electric circuit containing the heating means and a circuit breaker, said circuit having a branch cutting out the heating means and having a switch; an electric circuit containing the fuel-propelling means and having a switch provided with a yieldingly-mounted contact point; a thermostat movable by the heating means to a position closing the second-mentioned switch and to a further position clos- 1 ing the first-mentioned switch to operate the circuit breaker.

19. In apparatus of the character described: an electric circuit comprising a main portion containing heating means and a circuit breaker and comprising also a branch portion cutting out the heating means and having a switch; a second electric circuit having a switch and containing fuel cuit breaker to break the second-mentioned circuit and deenergize the heating means therein and thus permit the secondmentioned switch to open and deenergize the fuel-propelling means.

20. In a burner of the character described: a liquid-fuel tank; electric means for exerting pressurein the tank for propelling the fuel therefrom; an electric circuit containing said means and having a switch; a vessel in the tank having a float; connections between the float and the switch for operating the switch; an auxiliary tank in said tank air vented thereinto and containing the vessel, said vessel having a. port through which liquid in the auxiliary tank is forced in connection with. the operation of said propelling means.

' In testimon whereof I have hereunto set my hand at 13th day of-January, 1925,

' GEORGE K. CULP, JR.

rand Rapids, Michigan, this 

